most electronics circuits use both input and output transducers:
Input Transducers
Input Transducers convert a quantity to an electrical signal (voltage) or to resistance (which can be converted to voltage). Input transducers are also called
sensors.
Examples:
- LDR converts brightness (of light) to resistance.
- Thermistor converts temperature to resistance.
- Microphone converts sound to voltage.
- Variable resistor converts position (angle) to resistance.
Output Transducers
Output Transducers convert an electrical signal to another quantity.
Examples:
- Lamp converts electricity to light.
- LED converts electricity to light.
- Loudspeaker converts electricity to sound.
- Motor converts electricity to motion.
- Heater converts electricity to heat.
Using input transducers (sensors)
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| Voltage divider circuit |
Most input transducers (sensors) vary their
resistance and this can be used directly in some circuits but it is usually converted to an electrical signal in the form of a
voltage. The voltage signal can be fed to other parts of the circuit, such as the input to an IC or a transistor switch.
The conversion of varying resistance to varying voltage is performed by a simple circuit called a
voltage divider.
Please see the next page for more information about
voltage dividers.
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